Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder ( Bd ) - 2033 Words

Electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder (BD), previously known as manic depression, is a recurrent mental illness first described by Jules Farlet in 1854 as Folie Circulaire (circular insanity) (Ghouse, Sanches, Zunta-Soares, Swann Soares, 2013). BD is known to affect ones mood, from feeling depressed to manic episodes, such as feeling very high and overactive. BD usually occurs in young adulthood (average age of 25 years) and is relatively equal in men and women, and causes serious problems throughout life,- with a lifetime prevalence of 0.2-1.2% (James Chapman, 1975; Weissman Myers, 1978). Affecting about 1.5% of the U.S population (Hyman, 2000) and between 0.5% and 3.5% of the world population (Kleinman et†¦show more content†¦Further, cyclothymia, which is a mild form of BD, is defined by patients having episodes of both hypomania and dysthymia (persistent mild depression), thoughhowever the highs and lows are not severe enough to qualify as either mania or major depression. Unipolar disor der (major depression disorder) is often compared to BD;, although they are similar, they are also subtly different, as patients with unipolar disorder are characterised by having either depressive or manic episodes, however though never both unlike BD. Though the cause of BD is unknown, both psychological and biological conceptualisations have been made. Family, twin and adoption studies suggest that BD has a strong genetic predisposition component (Goodwin Jamison, 1990; Nurnberger Gershon, 1992), as genetic variance accounts for up to 80% of variance in BD , showing a strong genetic link (Alloy et al., 2005). Adoption studies have found that bipolar I or II patients affective disorders at 31% in biological parents and 12% in adoptive parents , demonstrating that bipolar disorder may be a cause of biological influences. . Further, a growing body of evidence suggests that environmental influences haves an important impact on the onset of BD (Johnson